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Juniper JN0-281合格率書籍、JN0-281日本語独学書籍
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Juniper JN0-281 認定試験の出題範囲:
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試験の準備方法-検証するJN0-281合格率書籍試験-正確的なJN0-281日本語独学書籍
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Juniper Data Center, Associate (JNCIA-DC) 認定 JN0-281 試験問題 (Q194-Q199):
質問 # 194
In OSPF, which term refers to routers that have interfaces in multiple areas?
- A. Backbone Routers
- B. Area Border Routers (ABRs)
- C. Internal Routers
- D. Autonomous System Boundary Routers (ASBRs)
正解:B
質問 # 195
You are creating an IP fabric underlay and want to use OSPF as your routing protocol.
In this scenario, which statement is correct?
- A. All leaf devices must be configured in separate OSPF areas.
- B. Interface speeds should be the same throughout the fabric to ensure that all links are utilized.
- C. All spine devices must use the same router ID.
- D. All leaf and spine devices must be the same model to ensure the proper load-balancing behavior.
正解:B
解説:
When creating an IP fabric underlay using OSPF as the routing protocol, consistent interface speeds are important to ensure optimal traffic distribution and utilization of all links.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
OSPF and Interface Speeds:
OSPF calculates the cost of a link based on its bandwidth. The default cost calculation in OSPF is:
If interface speeds vary significantly, OSPF may choose paths with lower cost (higher bandwidth), resulting in some links being underutilized.
Equal Utilization:
To ensure that all links are equally utilized in an IP fabric, it is recommended to maintain uniform interface speeds across the fabric. This ensures balanced load sharing across all available paths.
Juniper Reference:
IP Fabric with OSPF: Juniper recommends consistent interface speeds to maintain even traffic distribution and optimal link utilization in IP fabric underlay designs.
質問 # 196
You want to minimize topology disruptions in your network when the rpd process restarts on a device. Which service would accomplish this task?
- A. Virtual Chassis
- B. graceful restart (GR)
- C. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
- D. link aggregation groups
正解:B
解説:
Graceful Restart (GR) is a feature that allows a router to maintain forwarding even when the routing process (e.g., the rpd process in Junos) is restarting, minimizing disruption to the network.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Graceful Restart Function:
During a GR event, the forwarding plane continues to forward packets based on existing routes, while the control plane (rpd process) is restarting. This prevents traffic loss and maintains routing stability.
Minimizing Disruptions:
GR is particularly useful in ensuring continuous packet forwarding during software upgrades or routing protocol process restarts.
Juniper Reference:
Graceful Restart in Junos: GR ensures high availability by maintaining forwarding continuity during control plane restarts, enhancing network reliability.
質問 # 197
Which statement is correct about a three-stage IP fabric underlay?
- A. Every server that connects to a three-stage IP fabric must be multihomed.
- B. Every leaf device can communicate directly with other leaf devices.
- C. Every spine device can communicate directly with other spine devices.
- D. Every ingress interface into the fabric is only two hops away from the egress interface.
正解:D
解説:
In a three-stage IP fabric (also known as a Clos fabric), traffic between any two points (ingress to egress) in the fabric is only two hops away.
Step-by-Step Breakdown:
Three-Stage IP Fabric:
Leaf Layer: Leaf switches connect directly to servers and edge devices.
Spine Layer: Spine switches provide connectivity between leaf switches but do not connect to each other directly.
Two-Hop Communication:
In this architecture, every leaf switch is connected to every spine switch. Therefore, when a packet enters the fabric via an ingress leaf switch, it is forwarded to a spine switch, which then directs the packet to the correct egress leaf switch. This path always involves exactly two hops:
Ingress leaf → Spine → Egress leaf.
Benefits:
This consistent two-hop path ensures predictable latency and makes the network highly scalable while maintaining low complexity.
Juniper Reference:
IP Fabric Architecture: This two-hop property of Clos fabrics is a hallmark of spine-leaf designs, as supported by Juniper's QFX and EX switches in data centers.
質問 # 198
Which statement is correct about aggregate routes?
- A. The default next hop is resolve.
- B. The default next hop is reject.
- C. The default next hop is discard.
- D. The default next hop is readvertise.
正解:B
解説:
An aggregate route is a summarized route that is created by combining multiple specific routes into a single, broader route. In Junos OS, when an aggregate route is configured, its default next hop is set to reject.
Step-by-Step
Aggregate Route:
Aggregate routes are used to reduce the size of routing tables by representing a collection of more specific routes with a single summary route. They help improve routing efficiency and scalability, especially in large networks.
Default Next Hop Behavior:
When you configure an aggregate route in Junos OS, it has a reject next hop by default.
The reject next hop means that if a packet matches the aggregate route but there is no more specific route in the routing table for that destination, the packet will be discarded, and an ICMP "destination unreachable" message is sent to the source.
This behavior helps to prevent routing loops and ensures that traffic isn't forwarded to destinations for which there is no valid route.
Modifying Next Hop:
If needed, the next hop behavior of an aggregate route can be changed to discard (which silently drops the packet) or to another specific next hop. However, by default, the next hop is set to reject. Juniper Reference: Junos Command: set routing-options aggregate route <route> reject to configure an aggregate route with a reject next hop.
Verification: Use show route to verify the presence and behavior of aggregate routes.
質問 # 199
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